Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used and rapidly developed in the field of tumor precision therapy in recent years. This report introduces the main theoretical foundations and simulation software of PET imaging in two parts.
The first part details the core physical factors and mathematical models in PET imaging. It introduces the basic principles of PET imaging and the physical processes of positron range, attenuation, Compton scattering and coincidences that affect PET image quality, and analyzes their impacts. It also explains the continuous model, discrete model and reconstruction model in PET imaging, which are the mathematical basis for improving PET image quality.
The second part focuses on the usage and application of GATE, a Monte Carlo simulation software dedicated to PET. It first explains GATE software installation, configuration, and operating principles in detail. Then, through typical PET scan simulation examples, it demonstrates how to use GATE to design simulation experiments, acquire data, and analyze results. Finally, by integrating multiple examples, it enables readers to master techniques for leveraging GATE in PET imaging research.