The study utilizes Elastic Full Waveform Inversion (EFWI) technology to investigate the shallow subsurface geological structures beneath the Dashixia Hydropower Project in Aksu City, Xinjiang. Data collection was carried out along five survey lines, including both active and passive seismic sources, enabling the acquisition of the shallow velocity structure within 30 meters below the dam's foundation through EFWI technology. This exploration is essential for assessing dam stability and identifying risks such as slope instability and seepage, critical for maintaining the dam's integrity. Additionally, periodic probing of the dam's shallow structure during construction allows for geological quality control, enabling the timely detection of potential issues and ensuring the structural soundness of the hydropower project.